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The first city that man has known was surely Damascus, back in the year 9,000 B.C. Today, approximately 55 percent of the world's population lives in cities (Ritchie and Roser, 2020) and the United Nations predicts that by 2025, this figure will increase to 5 billion people.
What's so special ny toyota in this cities, so, Why does the population accumulate in some areas of a country? Urban economists have tried to answer this question for a long time. At first, it seems strange that, since there is an enormous amount of uninhabited territory on the planet, we humans decide to crowd ourselves into a few places. For example, Burchfield et al. (2006) show that, in 1992, only 1.9 percent of the territory of the United States of America was paved or had some type of construction. Furthermore, almost all new construction between 1976 and 1992 in that country took place less than a kilometer from already built-up areas. This is not an isolated event. In Europe, a much denser territory than the United States, something similar happens. Suppose we divide the old continent into squares of one kilometer on a side. Alasdair Rae has shown that more than 40,000 people live in just 33 of the squares inhabited by someone. Surprisingly, 23 of them are in Spain, where 13 percent of these squares are completely uninhabited, making our country the one with the highest density in all of Europe, if this measure is used.
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