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ORGANIZATION of problem-based learning.
Organization of problem-based learning in practice has certain difficulties. The main difficulties, in our opinion, are related to the lack of development buy cheap term papers and methods of problem-based learning in different types of educational institutions, as well as lack of teacher training to organize problem-based learning.
At the same time in the pedagogical literature sufficiently summarized the experience of organizing problem-based learning in different disciplines.The main technological requirements for the organization of problem-based learning. Before you plan a problematic study of the topic (section), it is necessary to establish the possibility of its didactic expediency.
It is important to identify the "internal conditions of thinking" of students, namely: - the level of knowledge on the topic under study; - intellectual capabilities of the learners, the level of their development. Depending on the identified level of "internal conditions of thinking" of students a system of concrete tasks is developed, leading to the detection of contradictions on the way from ignorance to knowledge.
Such tasks can include: - questions requiring an explanation of this or that phenomenon; - questions with the help of which the teacher deliberately collides contradictory judgments, opinions, assessments of great people, scientists, students themselves; - tasks for comparison, comparison, etc. In developing and establishing a system of problematic situations considers that it is a consistent system of problematic situations is the main condition for the organization of problem-based learning. In the system of problem situations the main, dominant and a number of auxiliary situations are identified.
Formulation of the main problematic situation is the most difficult. Experience shows that students are not able to immediately and directly resolve the formulated main problem because they do not have the necessary skills to organize independent research work. Therefore it is necessary to create a coherent system of private, auxiliary problems that can lead to an understanding of the main problematic issue. In organizing problem-based learning can not do without the traditional methods of teaching. As a rule, a variety of methods are used.
Depending on the specificity and complexity of the information use different methods: reproductive, explanatory-illustrative, exploratory, experimental, etc.
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